10/19—Comparison of influenza type A and B with COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Overall, 540 articles included in this study; 75,164 cases of COVID-19 (157 studies), 113,818 influenza type A (251 studies) and 9266 influenza type B patients (47 studies) were included. Runny nose, dyspnoea, sore throat and rhinorrhoea were less frequent symptoms in COVID-19 cases (14%, 15%, 11.5% and 9.5%, respectively) in comparison to influenza type A (70%, 45.5%, 49% and 44.5%, respectively) and type B (74%, 33%, 38% and 49%, respectively). Most of the patients with COVID-19 had abnormal chest radiology (84%, p < 0.001) in comparison to influenza type A (57%, p < 0.001) and B (33%, p < 0.001). The incubation period in COVID-19 (6.4 days estimated) was longer than influenza type A (3.4 days). Likewise, the duration of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients (14 days) was longer than influenza type A (6.5 days) and influenza type B (6.7 days). Case fatality rate of hospitalized patients in COVID-19 [was] (6.5%, p < 0.001), influenza type A [was] (6%, p < 0.001) and influenza type B was 3% (p < 0.001) (Pormohammad et al. 2020).
Variation in Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Predictors of Social Determinants of Health in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Findings indicated that a social disadvantage index positively affected COVID-19 infection rates, whereas a socioeconomic status and opportunity index and a convergence of vulnerability index had an inverse but significant connection to COVID-19 infection rates over the study area.
The distribution of SARS-CoV-2 contamination on the environmental surfaces during incubation period of COVID-19 patients
In this study, we sampled the high-touch environmental surfaces in the quarantine room. Overall, 34.1% of samples were detected positively for SARS-CoV-2. The positive rates of Patient A, B and C, were 46.2%, 0% and 61.5%, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was detected positively in bedroom and bathroom, with the positive rate of 50.0% and 46.7%, respectively.
Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases
A total of 641 environmental surfaces and air specimens were collected among 39 COVID-19 cases. Among them, 20 specimens (20/641, 3.1%) were tested positive from 9 COVID-19 cases (9/39, 23.1%). All positive specimens were collected within 3 days after diagnosis, and 10 (10/42, 23.8%) were found in toilet (5 on toilet bowl, 4 on sink/faucet/shower, 1 on floor drain), 4 (4/21, 19.0%) in anteroom (2 on water dispenser/cup/bottle, 1 on chair/table, 1 on TV remote), 1 (1/8, 12.5%) in kitchen (1 on dining-table), 1 (1/18, 5.6%) in bedroom (1 on bed/sheet pillow/bedside table), 1 (1/5, 20.0%) in car (1 on steering wheel/seat/handlebar) and 3 (3/20, 21.4%) on door knobs. Air specimens in room (0/10, 0.0%) and car (0/1, 0.0%) were all negative. SARS-CoV-2 was found on environmental surfaces especially in toilet, and may survive for several days.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign
Here we show the screening results of cluster sampled 61,437 residents in Wuchang District, Wuhan, China. A total of 1470 (2.39%, 95% CI: 2.27-2.52) individuals were detected positive for at least one antiviral antibody. The positive rate of female carriers of antibodies were higher than those of male counterparts (male-to-female ratio of 0.75), especially in elderly citizens (ratio of 0.18 in 90+ age subgroup), indicating a sexual discrepancy in seroprevalence. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan was low. Most of Wuhan residents are still susceptible to this virus.
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